Empleo de indicadores bioquímicos en el estudio del estrés psicosocial laboral. Tendencias en la investigación

Efraín Rodríguez Jiménez, Arlene Oramas Viera

Texto completo:

PDF

Resumen

Las investigaciones sobre el estrés y la salud se caracterizan por un impresionante comportamiento ascendente, pero con un énfasis desproporcionado de investigaciones descriptivas en detrimento de las explicativas a niveles fisiológico, biológico y bioquímico. Se realizó una revisión de las tendencias actuales en el estudio del estrés, donde se emplearon indicadores bioquímicos. El término de carga alostática aparece con preeminencia -18 referencias, incluyendo del año 2014-. Se analizaron entre las múltiples respuestas hormonales al estrés, el papel de la hormona liberadora de córticotrofina, la vasopresina y citocinas proinflamatorias como marcadores bioquímicos de la cascada inflamatoria, específicamente las interleucinas 1 y 6 y el factor de crecimiento tumoral. Se argumenta por qué el síndrome de burnout, consecuencia del estrés laboral crónico, puede ser reconocido como un síndrome neuroendocrino de etiología conocida. Finalmente, se hace referencia a un estudio experimental en el cual el comportamiento es explicado empleando indicadores bioquímicos e introduciendo elementos de la biología molecular. Se concluye sobre la pertinencia de investigaciones multidisciplinarias y su alcance para abordar los problemas actuales de salud de la población trabajadora.

Palabras clave

estrés; estrés laboral; marcadores bioquímicos

Referencias

Cannon WB. The wisdom of the body. New York:

Norton; 1932.

Seyle H. The stress of life. New York: McGraw-Hill;

Arce BS. Inmunología clínica y estrés. En busca de

la conexión perdida entre el alma y el cuerpo. La

Habana: Ciencias Médicas; 2007.

Danielson AM, Matheson K, Anisman H. Cytokine

levels at a single time point following a reminder

stimulus among women in abusive dating relationships: relationships to emotional states. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2011;36:40-50.

Greca A. La regulación psiconeuroendocrina de la respuesta inmunológica (Artículo especial) [Internet] [citado

Nov 2014]. Disponible en: http://www.amir.org.ar/expresidentes/pdf/Greca01.pdf.

Cannon WB. Stresses and strains of homeostasis.

American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1935;

:1-10.

McEwen BS. Stress, adaptation, and disease. Allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;

:33–44.

Sterling P, Eyer J. Allostasis: a new paradigm to

explain arousal pathology. In: Handbook of Life

Stress, Cogintion and Health. Fisher S, Reason J,

eds. pp 629-49. New York, NY: J. Wiley & Sons;

Sterling P. Principles of allostasis: optimal design,

predictive regulation, pathophysiology and rational

therapeutics. In: Schulkin J. Allostasis, homeostasis,

and the costs of adaptation. Cambridge: University

Press; 2004.

Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo 2015;16(3):69-75 73

Empleo de indicadores bioquímicos en el estudio del estrés psicosocial laboral. Tendencias en la investigación

Clark MS, Bond MJ, Hecker JR. Environmental

stress, psychological stress and allostatic load. Psychol Health Med. 2007;12:18–30.

Crimmins EM, Johnston M, Hayward M, Seeman T.

Age differences in allostatic load: An index of

physiological dysregulation. Exp Gerontol. 2003;38:

–4.

Glover DA, Stuber M, Poland RE. Allostatic load in

women with and without PTSD symptoms. Psychiatry. 2006;69:191–203.

Hellhammer J, Schlotz W, Stone AA, Pirke KM,

Hellhammer D. Allostatic load, perceived stress, and

health: A prospective study in two age groups. Ann

N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1032:8–13.

Karlamangla AS, Singer BH, McEwen BS, Rowe

JW, Seeman TE. Allostatic load as a predictor of

functional decline.MacArthur studies of successful

aging. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:696–710.

Kubzansky LD, Kawachi I, Sparrow D. Socioeconomic status, hostility, and risk factor clustering in

the normative aging study: Any help from the concept of allostatic load? Ann Behav Med. 1999;21:

–8.

Lindfors P, Lundberg O, Lundberg U. Allostatic load

and clinical risk as related to sense of coherence in

middle-aged women. Psychosom Med. 2006;68:801–7.

Maselko J, Kubzansky L, Kawachi I, Seeman T,

Berkman L. Religious service attendance and allostatic load among high functioning elderly. Psychosom Med. 2007;69:464–72.

McEwen BS, Mood disorders and allostatic load.

Biol Psychiatry. 2003;54:200–7.

McEwen BS. Sleep deprivation as a neurobiologic

and physiologic stressor: Allostasis and allostatic

load. Metabolism. 2006;55:S20–S23.

McEwen BS, Seeman T. Protective and damaging

effects of mediators of stress. Elaborating and testing

the concepts of allostasis and allostatic load. Ann N

Y Acad Sci. 1999;896:30–47.

Schnorpfeil P, Noll A, Schulze R, Ehlert U, Frey K,

Fischer JE. Allostatic load and work conditions. Soc

Sci Med. 2003;57:647–56.

Steptoe A, Hackett RA, Lazzarino AI, Bostock S, La

Marca R, Carvalho LA, Hamer M. Disruption of

multisystem responses to stress in type 2 diabetes:

Investigating the dynamics of allostatic load. Proc

Natl Acad Sci U S A. 20 Oct 2014. pii: 201410401

[Internet] [citado 4 Nov 2014]. Disponible en:

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/10/15/14104

long.

McEwen BS, Stellar E. Stress and the individual.

Mechanismos leading to desease. Arch Intern Med.

;153(18): 2093-101.

Seeman TE, McEwen BS, Rowe JW, Singer BH.

Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological

risk: MacArthur studies of successful aging. Proc

Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:4770–5.

Mauss D, Li J, Schmidt B, Angerer P, Jarczok MN. Measuring allostatic load in the workforce-A systematic Review. Ind Health. 2014 [Internet] [citado 4 Nov 2014].

Disponible en:

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/indhealth/advpub/0/adv

pub_2014-0122/_pdf.

Bellingrath S, Weigl T, Kudielka BM Chronic work

stress and exhaustion is associated with higher allostastic load in female school teachers. Stress. 2009;

(1):37-48.

Fepreva. 6° Curso de capacitación de posgrado a

distancia Síndrome Metabólico y Riesgo Vascular.

Stress y riesgo cardiovascular. Facultad de Medicina,

Universidad de Buenos Aires; 2012.

Nefi EM. La enfermedad profesional del siglo XXI o

sindrome de burn-out. Publicado: 14/01/2008 | Psiquiatría, Medicina Laboral, Psicología; 2008.

Melamed S, Shirom A, Toker Sh, Berliner Sh,

Shapira Itz. Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence, possible causal paths, and promising

research directions. Psychological Bulletin. 2006;132

(3):27–353.

Galit A, Shirom A, Itzhak Sh, Melamed S. On the

nature of burnout–insomnia relationships: A prospective study of employed adults. Jornal of Psychosomatic Research. 2008;65:5-12.

Marques-Deak A, Cizza G, Sternberg EM. Brainimmune interactions and disease susceptibility. Molecular Psychiatry. 2005;10:239-50.

Sternberg EM. Neural regulation of innate immunity:

a coordinated nonspecific host response to pathogens. Nature Review of Immunology. 2006;6(3):18-

Qureshi GM, Seehar GM, Zardari MK, Pirzado ZA,

Abbasi SA. Study of blood lipids, cortisol and

haemodynamic variations under stress in male

adults. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2009;21(1):

-61.

Dongfang S, Zhongxia L, Xinrui L, Yuming C, Yuan

Z, Ding D, Xueqing D, Min X, Jian Q, Wenhua L.

Association between serum interleukin-6 concentration and mortality in patients with coronary artery

disease. Hindawi Publishing Corporation Mediators

of Inflammation. 2013; volume 2013, article ID

, 7 pages [Internet]. Disponible en:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/726178.

Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, MohamedAli V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary

heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis. 2000;148:2:209–14.

Taylor Sh, Seeman, Eisenberger, Kozanian, Moore,

Moons. Effects of a supportive or an unsupportive

audience on biological and psychological responses

Revista Cubana de Salud y Trabajo 2015;16(3):69-75

Rodríguez E, Oramas A

to stress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2010;98(1):47–56.

Way B, Taylor Sh. Social influences on health: Is serotonin a critical mediator? Psychosomatic Medicine.

;72:107–12. DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181ce6a7d.

Djuric Z, Birdb ChE, Furumoto-Dawsonc A, Garth H,

Rauscherd GH, Ruffin MT, et al. Biomarkers of psychological stress in health disparities. Open Biomark J.

;1(1): 7–19. doi:10.2174/1875318300801010007.

Abraham SB, Rubino D, Sinaii N, Ramsey S, Nieman LK. Cortisol, obesity and the metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study of obese subjects and

review of the literature. Obesity (Silver Spring

Enlaces refback

  • No hay ningún enlace refback.