Caracterización de la exposición a plaguicidas en trabajadores agrícolas de fincas plataneras en Barú, Chiriquí

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Palabras clave:

Plaguicidas; exposición profesional; agricultura; bioaseguramiento; salud laboral; enfermedad del trabajador agrícola; equipo de protección personal

Resumen

Introducción: En Panamá, la información sobre las condiciones de exposición ocupacional de los trabajadores agrícolas a plaguicidas y sobre las medidas de protección utilizadas sigue siendo limitada y desactualizada.

Objetivos: Caracterizar la exposición a plaguicidas en trabajadores de fincas plataneras del corregimiento de Baco, distrito de Barú, Chiriquí, durante el año 2024.

Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal con una muestra no probabilística de 48 agricultores. Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario estructurado sobre variables demográficas, frecuencia y tipo de plaguicidas, tiempo de exposición, uso de equipo de protección personal, prácticas de seguridad y disposición de residuos. El análisis se realizó con estadística descriptiva en Microsoft Excel.

Resultados: Los participantes del estudio fueron hombres, con edad media de 51.2 años. El 66.7% estuvo expuesto entre 3 y 4 por jornada, y más de la mitad aplicó plaguicidas varias veces por semana. Un 39.6% reportó entre 21 a 30 años de trabajo con estos productos. Los más utilizados son: Glifosato, Gramoxone, Counter y Vydate, algunos restringidos en Panamá. Aunque el 89.6% afirmó usar equipos de protección personal, guantes, lentes y overoles fueron poco utilizados. Solo un tercio había recibido capacitación previa. El manejo de envases vacíos incluyó quema, entierro o reutilización, acciones que contravienen la normativa vigente.

Conclusiones: La exposición ocupacional a plaguicidas en la población estudiada es alta y poco regulada. Se requieren programas de formación técnica, acceso a EPP completo y vigilancia del cumplimiento normativo, con miras a reducir los riesgos para la salud y el ambiente.

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Gaceta Oficial Digital, martes 29 de noviembre de 2011.

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2025-12-04

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Samudio L, Espinosa Pérez JM, Moreno Henríquez KN. Caracterización de la exposición a plaguicidas en trabajadores agrícolas de fincas plataneras en Barú, Chiriquí. rev cuban salud trabajo [Internet]. 4 de diciembre de 2025 [citado 11 de diciembre de 2025];26. Disponible en: https://revsaludtrabajo.sld.cu/index.php/revsyt/article/view/1001

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